At the end of the seventeenth century, famous scientistsNewton(Isaac Newton) used the law of universal gravitation to explain the law of the planets orbiting the sun, and found that the law of orbit between any two celestial bodies could be accurately expressed by mathematical propagation. However, he found that if a third celestial body joined the system, the orbital interactions between them would be much more complex. Indeed, for nearly 400 years, scientists have not been able to come up with a clear formula that could explain the law of three-body interaction.

ExistsNewtonSince then, many scientists have tried to examine this problem. In 1989, King Oscar II of Sweden enthusiastically offered a gift for this issue on his 60th birthday. Finally, the French mathematician Henry Poincar (won the prize. However, people previously believed that there was an exact answer to this question, and Poinkere’s theory completely shattered the idea – he proved that the result of this question was random and could only be expressed by probability.Confusion theory(Chaos Theory).

Scientists use computers to simulate and monitor the interactions of three bodies. The most common situation is a stable binary star system (a system in which two stars orbit each other). After the end. Scientists have found that this process is divided into two stages. The first phase is known as the anarchy phase: the gravitational pull of three celestial bodies causes a star to be ejected from the system. If it still orbits the remaining two stars in an elliptical orbit, it will return after some time, then rejoin the binary star system and undergo a three-body reaction, meaning that the chaotic phase will begin again. Evolution. Up to once, a star is completely out of the system and never returns. This is the second step.

Currently, random probability is being used in a new study conducted by Hagai Pertius, a professor at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, and Jonadav Barry Ginot, a doctoral student, who provide statistical solutions to both of these steps.

In the first step they can estimate the probability of each outcome. Overall, they “Drunk“(Drunkard’s word) theory describes the whole process of three bodily reactions.

Pertius and Jinat believe itThree body problemsAnd “Drunk“The theory is the same. Each time three stars meet, it is not possible to predict exactly which star will be ejected from the system. The direction is also random, unpredictable, like the steps of an alcoholic, whichever is taken next, the legs and the direction in which they go are all random, until a star is completely out of the system, the problem is over. Research, for example, is like “falling into an alcoholic pit”.

Researchers say that many of the world’s problems are similar to those of weather forecasting. He said there was a 70% chance of rain and the result was a good day. In other words, the changes in the sky are also such a system, a mathematical problem that can only be described with different possibilities.

According to the researcher, recent studies have provided a complete answer to this multi-stage, three-body interaction problem from a statistical point of view. These theories are of great importance for studying the interactions between stars, black holes, neutron stars, and white dwarfs.

This research was published on July 23, 2021 in the Physical Review Excerpt. ◇ #

Editor-in-Charge: Ye Ziwei